Golang make 和 new 的区别

区别

看起来二者没有什么区别，都在堆上分配内存，但是它们的行为不同，适用于不同的类型。

• new(T) 为每个新的类型 T 分配一片内存，初始化为 0 并且返回类型为 *T 的内存地址：这种方法 返回一个指向类型为 T，值为 T 类型零值的地址的指针，它适用于值类型如数组和结构体，相当于 &T{}。
• make(T) 返回一个类型为 T 的初始值，它 只适用 于 3 种内建的引用类型：切片、map 和 channel。

换言之，new() 函数分配内存，make() 函数初始化。

new() 是一个函数，不要忘记它的括号。

go 源码中注释说明

src/builtin/builtin.go:

...
// The make built-in function allocates and initializes an object of type
// slice, map, or chan (only). Like new, the first argument is a type, not a
// value. Unlike new, make's return type is the same as the type of its
// argument, not a pointer to it. The specification of the result depends on
// the type:
//
//	Slice: The size specifies the length. The capacity of the slice is
//	equal to its length. A second integer argument may be provided to
//	specify a different capacity; it must be no smaller than the
//	length. For example, make([]int, 0, 10) allocates an underlying array
//	of size 10 and returns a slice of length 0 and capacity 10 that is
//	backed by this underlying array.
//	Map: An empty map is allocated with enough space to hold the
//	specified number of elements. The size may be omitted, in which case
//	a small starting size is allocated.
//	Channel: The channel's buffer is initialized with the specified
//	buffer capacity. If zero, or the size is omitted, the channel is
//	unbuffered.
func make(t Type, size ...IntegerType) Type

// The new built-in function allocates memory. The first argument is a type,
// not a value, and the value returned is a pointer to a newly
// allocated zero value of that type.
func new(Type) *Type

...